No, Not That Bug
There’s a known bug with partitioned tables, but this is different. This one is with rows in the delta store.
Here’s a quick repro:
USE tempdb;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dbo.busted;
CREATE TABLE dbo.busted ( id BIGINT, INDEX c CLUSTERED COLUMNSTORE );
INSERT INTO dbo.busted WITH ( TABLOCK )
SELECT TOP ( 50000 )
1
FROM master..spt_values AS t1
CROSS JOIN master..spt_values AS t2
OPTION ( MAXDOP 1 );
-- reports 0, should be 50k
SELECT CAST(OBJECTPROPERTYEX(OBJECT_ID('dbo.busted'), N'Cardinality') AS BIGINT) AS [where_am_i?];
SELECT COUNT_BIG(*) AS records
FROM dbo.busted;
INSERT INTO dbo.busted WITH ( TABLOCK )
SELECT TOP ( 150000 )
1
FROM master..spt_values AS t1
CROSS JOIN master..spt_values AS t2
OPTION ( MAXDOP 1 );
-- reports 150k, should be 200k
SELECT CAST(OBJECTPROPERTYEX(OBJECT_ID('dbo.busted'), N'Cardinality') AS BIGINT) AS [where_am_i?];
SELECT COUNT_BIG(*) AS records
FROM dbo.busted;
SELECT object_NAME(csrg.object_id) AS table_name, *
FROM sys.column_store_row_groups AS csrg
ORDER BY csrg.total_rows;
In Pictures

This is the interesting bit, because you can obviously see the difference between open and compressed row groups.

The 50k rows in the delta store aren’t counted towards table cardinality.
Thanks for reading!
Going Further
If this is the kind of SQL Server stuff you love learning about: these days I have AI do the annoying stuff for me. My new video course teaches you to work the same way, and I teach whole teams in a one-day workshop. Someone still has to know enough SQL Server to keep the robots in check, and that’s what my training is for.