Residual Predicates In SQL Server Query Plans

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USE StackOverflow;

EXEC dbo.DropIndexes; 

/*
CREATE INDEX east 
    ON dbo.Posts
        (PostTypeId, Score, OwnerUserId) 
WITH ( MAXDOP = 8, 
       SORT_IN_TEMPDB = ON, 
       DATA_COMPRESSION = ROW );
*/

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #t;
GO 

SELECT   
    u.Id,
    u.Reputation,
    u.DisplayName,
    p.Id AS PostId,
    p.Title
INTO #t
FROM dbo.Users AS u
JOIN dbo.Posts AS p
    ON p.OwnerUserId = u.Id
WHERE u.Reputation >= 1000
AND   p.PostTypeId = 1
AND   p.Score >= 1000 
ORDER BY u.Reputation DESC;



/*
CREATE INDEX east 
    ON dbo.Posts(PostTypeId, Score, OwnerUserId);
*/
SELECT 
    t.Id, 
    t.Reputation, 
    ( 
        SELECT 
            MAX(p.Score) 
        FROM dbo.Posts AS p 
        WHERE p.OwnerUserId = t.Id 
        AND   p.PostTypeId IN (1, 2) 
    ) AS TopPostScore,
    t.PostId, 
    t.Title
FROM #t AS t
ORDER BY t.Reputation DESC;


/*
Usually I love replacing select 
list subqueries with APPLY

Just show the saved plan here
*/
SELECT 
    t.Id, 
    t.Reputation, 
    pq.Score,
    t.PostId, 
    t.Title
FROM #t AS t
OUTER APPLY --We have to use outer apply to not restrict results!
(
    SELECT 
        MAX(p.Score) AS Score
    FROM dbo.Posts AS p 
    WHERE p.OwnerUserId = t.Id 
    AND   p.PostTypeId IN (1, 2)
) AS pq
ORDER BY t.Reputation DESC;


/*
TOP (1) also spools
*/
SELECT 
    t.Id, 
    t.Reputation, 
    ( 
        SELECT TOP (1) 
            p.Score
        FROM dbo.Posts AS p
        WHERE p.PostTypeId IN (1, 2)
        AND   p.OwnerUserId = t.Id
        ORDER BY p.Score DESC 
    ) AS TopPostScore,
    t.PostId, 
    t.Title
FROM #t AS t
ORDER BY t.Reputation DESC;

SELECT 
    t.Id, 
    t.Reputation, 
    pq.Score,
    t.PostId, 
    t.Title
FROM #t AS t
OUTER APPLY
(
    SELECT TOP (1) 
        p.Score
    FROM dbo.Posts AS p
    WHERE p.PostTypeId IN (1, 2)
    AND   p.OwnerUserId = t.Id
    ORDER BY p.Score DESC
) AS pq
ORDER BY t.Reputation DESC;


/*
CREATE INDEX east 
    ON dbo.Posts(PostTypeId, Score, OwnerUserId);
*/
SELECT 
    t.Id, 
    t.Reputation, 
    pq.Score,
    t.PostId, 
    t.Title
FROM #t AS t
OUTER APPLY --This one is fast
(
    SELECT TOP (1) 
        p.Score
    FROM dbo.Posts AS p
    WHERE p.PostTypeId = 1
    AND   p.OwnerUserId = t.Id
    ORDER BY p.Score DESC
) AS pq
ORDER BY t.Reputation DESC;

SELECT 
    t.Id, 
    t.Reputation, 
    pa.Score,
    t.PostId, 
    t.Title
FROM #t AS t
OUTER APPLY --This two is slow...
(
    SELECT TOP (1) 
        p.Score
    FROM dbo.Posts AS p
    WHERE p.PostTypeId = 2
    AND   p.OwnerUserId = t.Id
    ORDER BY p.Score DESC
) AS pa
ORDER BY t.Reputation DESC;


/*
Use the Score!
*/
SELECT 
    t.Id, 
    t.Reputation, 
    ISNULL(pa.Score, pq.Score) AS TopPostScore,
    t.PostId, 
    t.Title
FROM #t AS t
OUTER APPLY --This one is fast
(
    SELECT TOP (1) 
        p.Score --Let's get the top score here
    FROM dbo.Posts AS p
    WHERE p.PostTypeId = 1
    AND   p.OwnerUserId = t.Id
    ORDER BY p.Score DESC
) AS pq
OUTER APPLY --This two is slow...
(
    SELECT TOP (1) 
        p.Score
    FROM dbo.Posts AS p
    WHERE p.PostTypeId = 2
    AND   p.OwnerUserId = t.Id
    AND   pq.Score < p.Score --Then use it as a filter down here
    ORDER BY p.Score DESC
) AS pa
ORDER BY t.Reputation DESC;


SELECT 
    t.Id, 
    t.Reputation, 
    ISNULL(pq.Score, 0) AS Score,
    t.PostId, 
    t.Title
INTO #t2
FROM #t AS t
OUTER APPLY --This one is fast
(
    SELECT TOP (1) 
        p.Score --Let's get the top score here
    FROM dbo.Posts AS p
    WHERE p.PostTypeId = 1
    AND   p.OwnerUserId = t.Id
    ORDER BY p.Score DESC
) AS pq;


SELECT 
    t.Id, 
    t.Reputation, 
    ISNULL(pa.Score, t.Score) AS TopPostScore, 
    t.PostId, 
    t.Title
FROM #t2 AS t
OUTER APPLY 
(
    SELECT TOP (1) 
        p.Score
    FROM dbo.Posts AS p
    WHERE p.PostTypeId = 2
    AND   p.OwnerUserId = t.Id
    AND   t.Score < p.Score --Then use it as a filter down here
    ORDER BY p.Score DESC
) AS pa
ORDER BY t.Reputation DESC;



/*
What happened?
 * Index key column order
   * (PostTypeId, Score, OwnerUserId)

Other things we could try:
 * Shuffling index key order, or creating a new index
   * (PostTypeId, OwnerUserId, Score)
 
 * Rewriting the query to use ROW_NUMBER() instead
  * Have to be really careful here, probably use Batch Mode

*/

/*
CREATE TABLE dbo.t
(
id int NOT NULL,
INDEX c CLUSTERED COLUMNSTORE
);
*/

SELECT 
    t.Id, 
    t.Reputation, 
    pa.Score,
    t.PostId, 
    t.Title
FROM #t AS t
LEFT JOIN dbo.t AS tt ON 1 = 0
OUTER APPLY
(
    SELECT 
        rn.*
    FROM 
    (
        SELECT
            p.*,
            ROW_NUMBER()
                OVER
                (
                    PARTITION BY 
                        p.OwnerUserId
                    ORDER BY
                        p.Score DESC
                ) AS n
        FROM dbo.Posts AS p
        WHERE p.PostTypeId IN (1, 2)
    ) AS rn
    WHERE rn.OwnerUserId = t.Id
    AND   rn.n = 1
) AS pa
ORDER BY t.Reputation DESC;


DROP TABLE #t, #t2;